VAI TRÒ CỦA LIÊN XÔ TRONG CUỘC KHÁNG CHIẾN CHỐNG MỸ CỨU NƯỚC CỦA NHÂN DÂN VIỆT NAM

VAI TRÒ CỦA LIÊN XÔ TRONG CUỘC
KHÁNG CHIẾN CHỐNG MỸ CỨU NƯỚC CỦA
NHÂN DÂN VIỆT NAM
(1954-1975)
Môn học: Lịch sử Quan hệ Đối ngoại Việt Nam

Thực hiện: Nhóm 4-Quốc tế học.K53

MỤC LỤC
 
  !"
# !"!
$!%&#
$'(%&#%&
!)*+,
-./+0' 1'2
** 3'4(''5 6/('(

 Mở đầu:
781'('*'9:;80< =1*'>'?#"
 '@5A'B6ABCD'+E'4F/G //G
G'>6HI'2J/J6/'2+,8(6ABAG+/
61''KI'',60'86/>ILD;
:;0< 81'('*'9M@N+/  81*
'>6O6'/:;8P@@N0< 8+,I'//PQR
< C 'SI 8'/.'T('( 84'S2@N/P'U
'P4V>IL6N0< /G'K
'0 841'W''G*4;GThứ nhấtP X:Y>IL0
< P6H1' Z'G4'['*+@\'/:E'S
D'06N])^Thứ haiP4_4/(IMA2'
'*0< '` '+4VA/G 8 86/(+0
*D9Thứ baP  'V'0/ I'(K'A
:M8'*'?+//G 8:A4;6/8'*'5<5 8
('1'(P6N@('+/'/'UI'T='87''ab]7<c6/
8VS6N9P  'D8'*'
/G'V'0'd eW'5W'/P'*+@\
U'
fK'Kg'?681'('*'9
$ b41']0IE'hTT6T@\1i1*P0<  'jJE
'R+/ ' Bc'*1' B< @\'//2I'5
 &P6AG5'K@\CT Ck'W'l
 !"m !"!m!%&#m%&#%&
 Vai trò của Liên Xô trong giai đoạn 1954-cuối năm 1960:
2.1.Hoàn cảnh lịch sử:
</G#"%"%"P'W'I'',@N0< 3;
7'78].$;GP';:;0< ',@\4V>IL6/'8
+N'W'I'6/';:;
.$1''0IE'hTT6T@\1i1*PU''U'
'*NPU''U'0< 5A'B'Gn.'*NP'*'
+'+86/5'B'@N'o/'*Np'/
2I'5:;8+ ' q1'6V9.'b!"@\
+/Z 7';p'[1'5&D/'8+,I7''a'V:;
JE+(P4GG*P''5'>rG(@N+1*+s6/
#
(@NftPB1'*@\1'I'e7(1*''
@\'/'/'6N''42CA'/'J
GFPI'(6L'*8DGB9u''@6/GW(@N
]7</G/+
sf3@?PG'*9+N 'Pp'(IvG*1k P ;
'H9p'(Ig0s0< P4'0I'hTT6TP0<
JE'R'/' B< wQRPXI'B1'51'6/n'A41'
81'('*'p'(IDBQRG@\8+,I'@I'2
1'RI'e'd',D2XB81'('*'p'(I6/I'(
K1'*+/ ',I'@?' B< B< *Ie8
1'('*2I'5:;86/J260 BQRC='8''afX
J0/GP('*+VC; +@\+ +T6/C; +@\A
@N<G1'p'(I'A'*P9=+R 'W'DGBxhPJ/
9+/<fU'30 < 30 GJ'/'+,I0<
8'P60\Ny"z''W'DGBx/hPI'(6L'0IE'
hTT6T6/'W''MC; +@\0< 
2.2.Vai trò của Liên Xô:
Trong giai đoạn đầu của cuộc kháng chiến chống Mỹ, Liên Xô đã ủng
hộ chủ trương và đường lối khôi phục, xây dựng miền Bắc Việt Nam..G
'PD'0/G+1', /J`D'06N(@N1'(
W :el /G #%%"P    N X D '0   6N
{Cb40< #/GcP4'(%#=F4M
hP1'5 =* 4M+//G%%P
 NF64'T64M*]/<8.nJW'@
)'4'T66/Q+=' |f8P*f06/}I46/
'(%6/=+' .~b6/'(y%y6/'(
"%cP41''B' 0< f/JK*
:'E'4+I:H' {C@N• N*
0< b'(%&cQ8@DI'€='
|f86/*f0b%&cP46H1'' 0< ]8'd
'E0@\'/'+,I$'(#%"P'@'8'd'E0
=*/G#%&%y N@\'/'+,I
B1'*PJK'0e'K+/=>I0< 'V'01*
''# 1'I'e1'*&6/1*''# I'(K1'
*6/6'(y!".'T]0IE'1i/Gy%&%P=
60\1''/+'0< "0>IKC;G:V6/1'I'e
!CW'0IU''0I6/?D'8(/'?1'WP
'P0+V6/'0I'•.'(#%P'0<

6G""0>IK'V'01*''# I'(K1'*5
</P>I0< C;G:V/1'W@\'‚6P
! '‚6(AIP'0< 6G#"0>IK 
'*JE (G 56/C;G:V 84@jP•;G'0N'T
'0IE'%!%!".'j$!"P=F&
'G(/'4(0< 6/',"'V,I4'
6/!&4'6E< 4'S,I.G'P4V>IL
'0< 46N(@N1'I'2]7<';ƒ+/
1'(1' 
Tuy nhiên, trong thái độ của Liên Xô đối với cuộc kháng chiến chống
Mỹ có một số biểu hiện sau đây:
Thứ nhất,'@?dG B< 6/'
@?'/JU'K''/''0IE'hTT6T 0<
I'AA/''R+\C;G:V BQRK866/'>rG
A''W'E B< P2DG*6AB B< J`'@?
+@\PJ`@j'/JU'36,GPWB,I*A'6€
6/A''W'E B< 7(I'@?0'
'>AW@6B'R+\D;4V';:; B
< 6/€1'+('o'W'DGB9('8
B< 
i:5'(8;G'Tf280< +/
41'x+ AP)'4'T6+'G=6/@jCk+<
!Pf'8+'MPf27842=@@j+
ZY•'/JU'[PZD(8'/JU'[PZ''/JU'[6/'@?
U'G' 6SZn1EI6/6@\9[6B42CA42I'r W''T
@j'jR'A[U e6/+\W' U'P
'@?'/'=6N''a*D'A+/*D9P5+/
'0 6e'*+@\'/P'` ''66/19',96/
.;GI'@?6/dG';tK'dB10
D*',+\'C;G:V7<]TI'/
2I'5:;84q'@Z +F'(G$[P2'/'=P2'
'@* e'*+@\
Thứ haiP:S; '*+@\ N+/'` 
1']7<ftP /JK'0g'A+/60'/'+,I1'x„
 6/n'M]0I@N46P(@N*Dd
G';tP'V'0'/'=f.;GPrG+Y'*'
+'P(''d'o6N96/(@N
I'@?.;G
75'K5/G56'*4MDS
60>IBQRI'e'•1'*<'d4V60\

/G+/'*4M'*6/1EI'j'BQR1'B
QR6$JEn'AXB1'('*'9
<'j4V>IL /BQR=@\ 84'/'
V4l
.# 1'I'eB1'*PB1'*BQR@\
I'e'•PI'(K6N4V'0:0'B'/'I'1'*."
6@j'A'0I=560+/ Pj4';:;@\nE'
.G'P4V>IL'G*6B X1'*6/'G*
'…\BQR76NB< P/G'@'K'0g+R
6:'@5'd'/'8e'K6N
B< :TU''U''*N6/2''@
75'K56/G'@6EM''
BQR1'BQRI'2 X6N'd1'51'XB
# ai trò của Liên Xô trong giai đoạn cuối năm 1960-1965 l
3.1.Hoàn cảnh lịch sử:
.*I'T/GU''U''*NP6/0<
5'BJ@N'Gn
.'*NPI'/A'2I'5:;8/G/+
7';p'P7';ƒ6/9'.U''U'''a'>:;'U
/G/+; 6/1'51'6/4eIn'B?]0'''a'V
:;JEI'(6L
.6/ftP'U''M1'*,I6/1*'''5
I'('G( XW'V5,I S•+VPJA
'AI',D24/GP'J`@\'d'†1'*P'W'E
@\'+/@'*'0'C='8''aK'6N])^
6+=''*N0I'5'/'60'';
+/@jbxI1c6/@@j6/6€eb‡hc
+/JK@\ 84@j'R'*6/])^'
1O'Y@@4_4/'S' S6ABD*
.',I!"€+/'j1^81']7<6/=CA'0
  'qd'@jD'/1'+/6/
.~6B(6AB@@P@j+(' <'A+/$1'
>'*(6A1'v.~4 !"
.!"w!+/ BQR1'',
'H7842 B< 6/JRT D;'; ',I B< 7(
+V+@\7842 B< '/'+,IX,3;8h2I'5B
!
< 0< 6/~;h2I'5B< .1'5P])^>I
0< 78'*'/''*+@\7'*'XJ0.G'P
D;h2I'56H'R'*'*@jP(''d'*:E'+N
4(('E.n'<fU'30 1'1K 4(n1'
'2'W'E6/JE]8•~;';7(' 2'W'0<
78'45=?6/81''2+='
f;G€+/@j+(' 0< 54V'Gn
.'j/GP0< '@?Z@j/1*/:;P
1DG*A'd6d'/JU'PrG '(' ]7< B
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3.2.Vai trò của Liên Xô:
.'(86/4V>IL@\JK'0 841'W
'4l
Để giúp Việt Nam thực hiện kế hoạch 5 năm lần thứ nhất (1961-1965),
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'dB10@=€'0< 6G#"0>IK
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Đối với nhiệm vụ đẩy mạnh cách mạng dân tộc dân chủ nhân dân ở
Miền Nam Việt NamP'(8€5'dJK'0V
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0< J`I'@?I'(I'/JU'P1' 0< I'(8
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4M+VC;G:V7<] BQR6/J`('5(86/
:‹J*U''U' B< U6,GP/G%%!#P.@?
f2842=1'G0< +\:eB'E'W'
DGB)TT:G6B'@?+@\'` Z+,I'([0< KI'e
6e'606EW@N<377]PB10',+\'
8A'(+V+@\G@N B< 0< P•'j
>I'++F'of< ƒU'*P60\A
W6€1'W'8A'D;4V B< .'(%!P1'•
'W.*3€4B'E@j60\D;4VP
'†',>I6N4+@\AW</Gy%%!#Pf4M]/
<8.6 4G=@\.@?f27842‚'0 *
XI'@Np' f•'A ''†60\1'*' B
< '€5*I 8('+''(:0X
,3.hp<<€I'2MG*N@N609:Y
1'D;A BQR/G%y6/y%%!fXJ0P=
y
U (''('('a6e•'E'2']8'EhTT6T6B/
6/f3@?'K'0'@Q8/G&%&6/
&%y%!fXJ0P='2'0I6N96B6AB/?4
$JRP+,I'W'I'+'0IM+/p' x:a
'\I(6N9K2DG*6AB/+/K('n+AG609
'AI',4V10ZJM@jQT+[@\:V+6//G#%y%!
7'W'/GP ;'H.6/';.~=
'/'+N'4VI'(KD'00fB/G@\JK
'0g0D'd'/'86/'(86N0< 
.'j$!"!P.@?f280< =
',@\1'2#+('@6/('J(Q7'AI'/'.
@?6/Q87'W'Ef27842p'+N'dJM'@6/
'J(/GBB,I*4VJA•.PB'E'8/ '
20PI'//+='f26/J('W0< I'I'(+,I
@jf27842PI'I'(0< 5'(81'
';'06N'G0< 7('G*6*' 
N0< :p IPQW'@.@?f2:H
6/'(%!6//:}:IIPQW'@.@?f2:H
6/'(%!#PB'` +1k''0< .+('@F
.@?f280< /G!%&%!P.@?f2
7842=B'E.@?f280< I'2
Z'Gn+,I@j[
.J2'JA•.J8+81'PD
; 'B'?*60''(@N+N1'(1'6V'@
{CP|f8P'` '/'2''@6N96/.~.G
'P=1'RD'06N0< '@=+/ 6N}+J
6/.~6U6E'*0< 6(J/6N9f;G+/
CA'A+E'4FD'0d'@N
 Vai trò của Liên Xô trong giai đoạn 1965-1/1973:
4.1.Hoàn cảnh lịch sử:
h/G(':AJ`'d +E'4FDS'*
N€'@0< 
.'*NP(:;8JE(IJM*IeM+A':/'
'W'DGBP+,n(''V:;7''a'V:;/G/''•I
:0W'€'@2''@ U'7''aC='8/G/+N

'I' 6/'*N6/ft'V'0'/'
(1*'' 
s0< P/G+/(+08'*'
1'9JR*'/'Z7'*'eJ8[0< @NG?
Z7'*'XJ0[JEI'(429U ('JRI'(BQR•'j
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I'2I'56N'*'1'A(+0)'D;6/]2
D;])^f+/'*:E'€.GbPierce Arrowc/G
%y%!P'/'82€4V10E'QRQ8
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4.2.Vai trò của Liên Xô:
./GP4VD; 6N81'(
'*'90< '†'V4VJR6/ !P4
1'9+T' 8AJ`1'D; BQR6/41'
)'4'T6JE'J07'(%!P ='I'kI:0
'@j>X,3;8h2I'5B< 0< @\'
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@\(':AJ`'G*' /JKAI:7'
E']8•Q8@)44G:HN]/<86/'(%!
7'G*' /G5i'a'B XThứ nhấtP 1*AI
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n(E>ILI'T]7<P54V>IL6BD;4V'*
%#n(E>IL6/4+/#!P&0Šx3<
!yP=:H:'4('(@N]7<>IL'0
< P6Nn(E0Œ>IbyP0Šx3c</P5
1'2$""*""'GD;4VJ• 194@PI'
P19',6I'e(''0'P+F=I'e6e0<
'j'*'f* !yP='* 6EWJ2
:'4('(@N'86/>IL0< 
<G';'dB'†''W'4('
6N0< /G@N'*+/:*D9 8'*
'2''@V*I*+\W'</P€
','AG'd4+0'@j+:@N'j)'4'T6f
'8+'M{{{f27842b'(#'(%!!c
=1'C(E''4'/JU'+/@j+'JY 
d6/=@'0 6e'8I'/2I'5:;8+
'/'M'6/' '0 6e'2('*+VC; +@\'
'a*D
8G';DS1'(+/='Gn(''U6B
0< P0< +/; B'W'ED*P5+
DV*IN''W'+/96/''W'

I'/(' +/.~U'd+i:5P
;R1K 4($8:P2I'(I*('*'/''*'
0< B'E+AGI'PJ88B1'K+F
fXJ0P/G%#%!yP7'E')44GF'@'.'
@Np' f•G'+,I'0'6A$Q8@+0'I'
1'*(?6E4@P/
<55 +P$6EW•D4(6Z!P*
/G='/'@N>IL0< 'B'AxV
>IL/G=5II'DS6/'R+\*I'T';:;
0< f2P'/@N6/';:;0< 1'JjD4V
>IL+N6/DiJ(5
5.Vai trò của Liên Xô trong giai đoạn 1/1973-4/1975:
</G&%%&#P]0IE'p46B'A :M'*'+,I+'/
JU'0< =@\1i1*01i'0IE'p4+/I'Y'\I6N
 +/ :EU''U'D*'oP2DG*(8'
'AID*J`'@?+@\U'*P+R
'R+\0< 6N1*D260'V'0@?+a''/JU'
f'8+'M{f7xP+AG601i'0IE'p4K'M
'@j+Y•'/JU'+/>P+/ H V'602
DG*(6AB''AID*1'(
x1']0IE'@\1i1*P6H*Ie/'4V'8
+N6B'W'E6/6,'A'0< 7e'KP'j/GP
=5'B/AI0< '@/JKf2
6/7'W'I'0< :.nJW'@3r:H' 
6/'(&%&#6/'("%&P/.'@Np' f•
6/#%&P/.''<'E6/'(y%&P/fM
.'S6/'(%&P<G‹3G.'%&P<G‹]d
.'S%&#)'(@NP$&#P='$',7'W'I'
7(' +; 'j B< 0< +/@j:0';'W':G
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', 'W'`0< +/'…:V:G'Af
3@?
.G'P6HT0< 4q2'T.~P
=' :CT 0< ('(P44(''@'*/6B4V>IL
6/.~'0< €AD; *D
'00< 6N(@N.Q7<P'R'0< 2'(
+/ 1'*6N96/(@N.Q7<I'(KP'A+/6N<',
Q2€'@1'2*I'66/19',0< 
6.Kết luận:
N@('+/ 8I'8'*'+'P8)'('*
'90< +/'F'('+N'A6ND'04I'@?
0< 
N@('+/'/'UI'T]7<6/+/ 8V,V'*
N+@LVP=I'2'TnY 8+>'B eThứ
nhấtP1''K1''86/>IL0< '/'6
I'T]7<Thứ haiP6U+\W''*+@\ U'6/€6U+\W''
(' '*NP=U  S('K''*DG '*
'P@6AB6/J/'@?+@\PKN 82I'(I'W'E
?4GThứ baP?45'G6S2'0
D'06N9'` 2DG*'d6AB5W''*+@\1'(P•
'j''*6.~
N(1'260\1''/+'0< PF'G
40< €'@>I0< 60/'G19
',;G:V(U'1*>6/J0'60+NP60\6€1'WP
'*JE>I B< 1'('*'9
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'aP'WU'';:;G'8'JU''*NPXJ0+/

h!"ln4yAP• l"A'/',
Py"A6€1'WPJE19',m5Pl60\!
A
h!!ln4&"AP• l#"A'/',P
&""!A6€1'WPJE19',m5Pl&#A
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